A Brief History of the Country of Morocco

In the Classical Antiquity era, Morocco experienced waves of invaders included Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, and Byzantines, but with the arrival of Islam, Morocco developed independent states that kept powerful invaders at bay. Berber Dynasties In 702 the Berbers submitted to the armies of Islam and adopted Islam. The first Moroccan states formed during these years, but many were still ruled by outsiders, some of whom were part of the Umayyad Caliphate that controlled most of northern Africa c. 700 CE. In 1056, a Berber empire arose, however, under the Almoravid Dynasty, and for the next five hundred years, Morocco was governed by Berber dynasties:  the Almoravids (from 1056), Almohads (from 1174), Marinid (from 1296), and Wattasid (from 1465). It was during the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties that Morocco controlled much of North Africa, Spain, and Portugal. In 1238, the Almohad lost control of  the Muslim portion of Spain and Portugal, known then as al-Andalus. The Marinid dynasty attempted to regain it but never succeeded. Revival of Moroccan Power In the mid-1500s, a powerful state again arose in Morocco, under the leadership of the Saadi dynasty that had taken over southern Morocco in the early 1500s. The Saadi defeated the Wattasid in 1554 and then succeeded in holding off incursions by both the Portuguese and Ottoman Empires. In 1603 a succession dispute led to a period of unrest that did not end until 1671 with the formation of the Awalite Dynasty, which still governs Morocco to this day. During the unrest, Portugal had again gained a foothold in Morocco but was again thrown out by the new leaders. European Colonization By the mid-1800s, at a time when the influence of the Ottoman Empire was in decline, France and Spain began taking a great interest in Morocco. The Algeciras Conference (1906) that followed the First Moroccan Crisis formalized Frances special interest in the region (opposed by Germany), and the Treaty of Fez (1912) made Morocco a French protectorate. Spain gained authority over Ifni (to the south) and Tà ©touan to the north. In the 1920s the Rif Berbers of Morocco, under the leadership of Muhammad Abd el-Krim, rebelled against French and Spanish authority. The short-lived Rif republic was crushed by a joint French/Spanish task force in 1926. Independence In 1953 France deposed the nationalist leader and sultan Mohammed V ibn Yusuf, but both nationalist and religious groups called for his return.  France capitulated, and Mohammed V returned in 1955. On the second of March in 1956, French Morocco gained independence. Spanish Morocco, except for the two enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, gained independence in April of 1956. Mohammed V was succeeded by his son, Hasan II ibn Mohammed, upon his death in 1961. Morocco became a constitutional monarchy in 1977. When Hassan II died in 1999 he was succeeded by his thirty-five-year-old son, Mohammed VI ibn al-Hassan. Dispute over Western Sahara When Spain withdrew from the Spanish Sahara in 1976, Morocco claimed sovereignty in the north. The Spanish portions to the south, known as Western Sahara, were supposed to become independent, but Morocco occupied the region in the Green March. Initially, Morocco divided the territory with Mauritania, but when Mauritania withdrew in 1979, Morocco claimed the whole. The status of the territory is a deeply contentious issue, with many international bodies like the United Nations recognizing it as a non-self-governing territory called the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Sources Clancy-Smith, Julia Anne, North Africa, Islam, and the Mediterranean world: from the Almoravids to the Algerian War. (2001).MINURSO Background, United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara. (Accessed 18 June 2015).

Learning And Its Implications For Education Essay

Learning is an important process in education and in life in general. One cannot simply grow, adapt, and manage life without learning. However, everyone learns in various different ways. Shuell (2016) states, â€Å"When a particular word is used, people usually assume everyone has a common understanding of what the word means. Unfortunately, such is not always the case. In trying to understand the various theories of learning and their implications for education, it is helpful to realize that the term â€Å"learning† means different things to different people and is used somewhat differently in different theories.† Shuell makes an excellent point, as even though one word can have a universal shared meaning, not everyone may see it the way someone else sees it. According to Wikipedia, learning theories, â€Å"are conceptual frameworks describing how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as w ell as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.† There are many different versions and theories on learning. Some of the more common learning theories include behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. The first theory is behaviorism. Behaviorism is where individuals believe that learning is conducted by outward change through behavior. According to Nemade (2007) he states, â€Å"To the behaviorist, human behavior has nothing to do withShow MoreRelatedCounselor Educators : Service Learning858 Words   |  4 PagesThis section discusses the implication of the findings from the study for counselor educators incorporating service learning. Counselor educators are called to prepare students with the necessary knowledge and skills to work with diverse clients. 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However, fewer studies have been conducted to examine the unique environment of online graduate education and students’ reports of satisfaction. The rationale for this study was to examine how collegiality measures practiced in these classes differ. In addition, the purpose of this study was to determine to what extent, if any, relationships existRead MoreLanger Article Critique Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesReflecting on Practice: using learning journals in higher and continuing education Teachers College Reflecting on Practice: using learning journals in higher and continuing education Langer (2002) central focus is plainly stated in the introduction, which is â€Å"how the use of journals impacted the learning process of adult non-traditional students and how this impact compared to that of traditional students†. The purpose of this article critique is to analyze the strengths and weaknessesRead MoreThe Benefits and Challenges of Emerging Technologies in Distance Education641 Words   |  3 PagesI decided to research the benefits and challenges of emerging technologies in distance education for interaction and collaboration. The first report I read was written by Dr. Michael G. Moore, Web 2.0: Does It Really Matter? In this editorial Dr. Moore discusses emerging technologies and how they are â€Å"being adopted voraciously by â€Å"digital natives† who have grown up with the Internet. Moore concludes that â€Å"social networking should make constructivist, collaborative knowledge-making more natural

Nibm Assignments free essay sample

How will you influence people to strive willingly for group objectives in your organization (target based industry)? Apply your interpersonal influence through communication process towards attaining your specialized goals? 2. Human Resources Management The present state of recession in the IT Industry as a Human Resource Manager how are you going to undertake Human Resource Planning at Macro Level to tide over this crisis? 3. Financial Management What will your outlook towards maintenance of liquid assets to ensure that the firm has adequate cash in hand to meet its obligations at all times? Marketing Management If you are working in a super market, what techniques1 tools you will use in data collection. How are you going to analysis the data and make inferences? How will you finally apply your market research to improve sales and win over customers? 5. Organizational Behaviour If you are made the campaign leader for a particular political party. How will you use your leadership skills to motivate your party men to ensure success of the party nominee in the elections? (Focus on the individual, motivate and apply leadership style). We will write a custom essay sample on Nibm Assignments or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Principles of Economics Suppose the price elasticity of demand for text books is two and the price of the text book is increased by 10%. By how much does the quantity demand fall? Inter the result and discuss reasons for the fall in quantity demand? 1. Principles and Practices of Management How will you influence people to strive willingly for group objectives in your organization (target based industry)? Apply your interpersonal influence through communication process towards attaining your specialized goals? 2. Human Resources Management The present state of recession in the IT Industry as a Human Resource Manager how are you going to undertake Human Resource Planning at Macro Level to tide over this crisis? 3. Financial Management What will your outlook towards maintenance of liquid assets to ensure that the firm has adequate cash in hand to meet its obligations at all times? 4. Marketlng Management If you are working in a super market, what techniques1 tools you will use in data collection. How are you going to analysis the data and make inferences? How will you finally apply your market research to improve sales and win over customers? Organizational Behaviour If you are made the campaign leader for a particular political party. How will you use your leadership skills to motivate your party men to ensure success of the party nominee in the elections? (Focus on the individual, motivate and apply leadership style). 6. Principles of Economics Suppose the price elasticity of demand for text books is two and the price of the text book is increased by 10%. By how much does the quantity demand fall? Inter the result and discuss reasons for the fall in quantity demand?